Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.     

CEEMD结合改进小波阈值的激光雷达信号去噪算法

激光雷达远距离回波信号受噪声影响, 严重失真。为了有效去除信号的噪声, 提高回波信号信噪比, 提出一种互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, CEEMD)结合改进小波阈值的去噪算法。CEEMD可以自适应地分解非线性和非平稳信号, 改进小波阈值函数具有高阶可导特性, 能够克服硬阈值、软阈值函数各自存在的问题。两种方法结合, 可以更有效地去除噪声。首先, 对回波信号进行CEEMD分解, 得到若干固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)。其次, 通过相关系数法计算IMF分量与信号的相关系数, 确定相关分量和不相关分量。最后, 对不相关分量使用小波改进阈值法进行去噪, 对相关分量使用粗糙惩罚法进行平滑, 再重构信号。基于实测数据的实验结果表明, 所提算法比CEEMD去噪法和CEEMD结合原改进阈值去噪法, 信噪比分别提升了2.65 dB和0.58 dB。     

Comparison of Anuropus branchiatus Beddard and A. bathypelagicus Menzies & Dow

Summary

The discovery of Serolis tropica sp. nov. in the shallow shelf zone of the Pacific of Panamá, just south of 9°N latitude, establishes the first occurrence of the Serolidae in tropical American waters. Since gravid females were found in cool as well as warm thermal seasons, it is assumed that this species is adapted to live under tropical conditions. Serolis yongei, known from the Great Barrier Reef, was collected at a depth of 200 m. It is not presently known if this species, like S. tropica, also inhabits the shallow shelf where warm-water conditions prevail.

Serolis tropica, a member of the North American ‘carinata’ group, is related to the ‘marplatensis’ group of South America. While it is argued that these two groups must have shared a common history, the remaining region of approximately 40° latitude between the northern and southern forms greatly complicates the relationship. Whether or not this gap is real or due to a lack of fine, inshore sampling can only be determined by further field work in this region.     

开封市特色商业区建设探讨

2012年,河南省商务中心区和特色商业区建设规划制定工作全面启动,开封市特色商业区建设也全面提上议事日程。开封市特色商业区建设应在管理模式上进行创新;要进行整体规划,引导商户错位经营;要注意整体风格的营造,使之与城市风格保持一致;要完善服务功能,使之配套齐全;要搞好交通规划,处理好交通与商品流通之间的矛盾。总之,应统筹安排、科学实施,充分发挥特色商业区在促进开封经济社会协调发展中的重要作用。     

可交易通行权和鼓励合乘政策下的通勤选择

基于通勤个体易于接受的视角,借助常数替代弹性(constant elasticity of substitution,CES)效用函数,在通勤预算约束中引入管理部门对拼车通勤行为的支持系数,构建了基于可交易电子通行权及鼓励合乘组合政策的刚性通勤需求模型,在此基础上分析了通勤个体的通勤方式选择问题.研究结果显示,该组合政策可以有效引导通勤个体从单人驾驶转向合乘出行,通勤个体能够在降低原有出行预算的基础上保证自身的刚性出行需求,但对小汽车偏好较大的通勤个体预算降低幅度相对较小.此外,存在一个调整因子和合乘支持系数的取值可行域,对于不同的合乘支持系数,调整因子存在一个对应的下界.在设定调整因子和合乘支持系数后,通行权价格由市场唯一确定,且这一价格随着合乘支持系数的增加而增加,调整因子的增加而降低.     

图书馆服务创新研究

通过相关检索,揭示了国内图书馆服务创新的文献研究情况,阐述了图书馆服务创新的必要性及策略性研究的内容,指出图书馆应大力推进文献依赖型创新、技术支持型创新和文化创意主导型创新在图书馆的实施进程,开拓图书馆服务创新的新局面。     

不同测试环境对车内空气质量水平的影响研究

通过在蒸发密闭舱、环境模拟舱和真实环境中的静置试验,以及在高速公路和市区路段实际道路上进行的动态试验,定量研究了在不同测试环境下环境本底浓度、环境温度和车辆通风模式等因素对车内空气质量水平的影响。     

浅议图书馆读者服务创新

在网络时代,图书馆服务必须在内部结构、管理模式、服务模式等方面进行一系列变革与创新,才能满足读者日益增长的借阅需求,提供高质量的图书馆服务。     

基于高校教学科研需求的学科馆员服务模式研究——以新疆师范大学为例

阐述了学科馆员的内涵及应具备的素质,针对新疆师范大学图书馆开展学科馆员服务的初步实践,分析了开展学科馆员服务必要性,阐述了基于高校教学、科研需求的学科馆员服务模式。     

大学创新实验班培养模式探析

大学创新实验班根据当今社会对人才质量和人才规格的需求，利用新的教育模式和培养方案，造就基础好、能力强、素质高的一流本科生，为他们未来在完成整个高等教育后成为具有国际竞争力的优秀人才奠定坚实的基础。实验班充分利用了大学雄厚的文理学科优势和良好的教学资源，探索本科阶段低年级通识和基础教育、高年级宽口径专业教育相结合的培养模式，突出基础、能力、素质的全面发展，实施新型的管理模式，并为社会提供适应能力强的本科毕业生。